ABBREVIATIONS

ACD/Labs  -  Advanced Chemistry Development (company)
APIs -  Active pharmaceutical ingredient
BCF -  Bioconcentration factor
BIOWIN -  The biodegradation probability program
COD -  Chemical oxygen demand
Da -  Dalton, unified atomic mass unit
DOC -  Dissolved organic carbon
DOW -  Distribution coefficient, octanol-water
DT50 -  Half-life, depuration (time needed to eliminate 50% of the substance) (IUPAC, 2009)
DT90 -  Time to 90% depuration (IUPAC, 2009)
ECHA -  European Chemicals Agency
EMEA -  European Medicines Agency
EPA -  Environmental Protection Agency
EPI -  Exposure/potency index
ERA -  Environmental risk assessment
EU -  European Union
EUSES -  European unified system for the evaluation of substances
GREAT-ER -  Geographically-referred regional exposure assessment tool for European rivers
HPLC -  High performance liquid chromatography
Ka -  Acid dissociation (acidity) constant
Kbiol -  Rate constant, biological degradation
KOW -  Octanol-water partition coefficient
LRI -  Long-range Research initiative
LFERs -  Linear free energy relationships
LSERs -  Linear solvation energy relationship
MAMI -  Multimedia activity model for (organic neutral and) ionisable chemicals
MoA -  Mode of action
NER -  Non-extractable residue
OC -  Organic carbon
OECD -  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OPPTS -  Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
PBT -  Persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic
PEC -  Predicted environmental concentration
pH -  –log (H+ concentration)
pKa -  –log (acid dissociation constant)
PMO -  Perturbed molecular orbital
PNEC -  Predicted no effect concentration
PPCP -  Pharmaceutical and personal care product
QSAR -  Quantitative structure activity relationship
RCR -  Risk characterisation ratio
SPARC -  SPARC performs automated reasoning in chemistry
SRC -  Syracuse Research Corporation
TGD -  Technical guidance document